Ultra High Energy Neutrino-Relic Neutrino Interactions In Dark Halos to Solve Infrared-Tev And GZK Cut-Off

Ultra High Energy Neutrino scattering on Relic Light Neutrinos in Dark Galactic or Local Group lead to Z and WW,ZZ showering: the nucleon component of the shower may overcome the GZK cut-off while the electro-magnetic tail at TeVs up to EeVs energy may solve the Infrared-TeV cut-off in a natural way. Different Gamma TeV puzzles may find a solution within this scenario: new predictions on UHECR spectra in future data are derived.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables ICRC 2001 HE 3.6 Dark Matter - German

Family farming in the agricultural census of 2006: the legal mark and the options for their identification.

(Agricultura familiar no censo agropecuário 2006: o marco legal e as opções para sua identificação). Visando delimitar a agricultura familiar no Censo Agropecuário 2006, o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA) e o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) elaboraram metodologia para construção de uma variável identificando os estabelecimentos agropecuários recenseados e que se ajustam ao conceito previsto na Lei n.11.326, de 24 de julho de 2006. O texto apresenta os passos metodológicos utilizados e alguns resultados

A Novel Ultrasound-based Measure of the Liver among Diabetes Mellitus Type II Patients

Diabetes mellitus type II (DM II) or adult onset diabetes is due to the inefficient use of insulin, which affects various organs and tissues. Patients with DM II are at risk of suffering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that can later develop into more life threating forms such as hepatomegaly, cirrhosis or liver cancer. Following the logic of the non-inferiority trial test, we aim to establish a more accurate anatomical measure of the right liver lobe (RLL) to facilitate close monitoring of liver size with ultrasound (US). We hypothesize that US is not unacceptably worse than computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to accurately and reliably measure the size of the RLL when the measure is taken in the midaxillary line and craniocaudal plane (MAL-CC). Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a non-inferiority trial to test our novel MAL-CC measure. To meet this aim, US measure of the RLL was taken from DM II (n=7) and non-DM II (n=5) patients, whom were recruited from 2 endocrinology clinics at SoM-UPR. Preliminary data shows that MAL-CC measure of the RLL from non-DM II patients is 13.99 + 2.53 cm whereas the same measurement among DM II patients is 15.25 + 3.25 cm (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.42). It is concluded that there is a non-significant trend for large RLL sizes among DM II patients. Future work aims to increase sample size and to validate our novel measurement with MRI

Apollo-Soyuz Doppler-tracking experiment MA-089

The Doppler tracking experiment was designed to test the feasibility of improved mapping of the earth's gravity field by the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking method and to observe variations in the electron density of the ionosphere between the two spacecraft. Data were taken between 1:01 and 14:37 GMT on July 24, 1975. Baseline data taken earlier, while the docking module was still attached to the command and service module, indicated that the equipment operated satisfactorily. The ionospheric data contained in the difference between the Doppler signals at the two frequencies are of excellent quality, resulting in valuable satellite-to-satellite observations, never made before, of wave phenomena in the ionosphere. The gravity data were corrupted by an unexpectedly high noise level of as-yet-undetermined origin, with periods greater than 150 seconds, that prevented unambiguous identification of gravity-anomaly signatures

Feasibility of privatizing custodial services

The purpose of this study was to see if it would be feasible to privatize custodial services within the district. This study resulted in a decision as to whether privatizing custodial services would be beneficial to the school district. The privatizing of custodial services means the hiring of an outside contractor to handle the entire operation of cleaning the building and no longer using in-house employees to do these functions. The intern used interviews and research to support the findings and conclusions of the study. The intern believes that the study showed that privatization of custodial services would not be in the best interest of the school district

Upward Tau Air Showers from Earth

We estimate the rate of observable Horizontal and Upward Tau Air-Showers (HORTAUs, UPTAUS) considering both the Earth opacity and the finite size of the terrestrial atmosphere. We calculate the effective target volumes and masses for Tau air-showers emerging from the Earth. The resulting model-independent masses for satellite experiments such as EUSO may encompass at E_nu_tau = 10^19 eV a very large volume, V= 1020 km^3. Adopting simple power law neutrino fluxes, E^-2 and E^-1, calibrated to GZK-like and Z-Burst-like models, we estimate that at E= 10^19 eV nearly half a dozen horizontal shower events should be detected by EUSO in three years of data collection by the "guaranteed" GZK neutrino flux. We also find that the equivalent mass for an Earth outer layer made of rock is dominant compared to the water, contrary to simplified all-rock/all-water Earth models and previous Montecarlo simulations. Therefore we expect an enhancement of neutrino detection along continental shelves nearby the highest mountain chains, also given the better geometrical acceptance for Earth skimming neutrinos. The Auger experiment might reveal such a signature at E_nu= 10^{18} eV (with 26 events in 3 yr) towards the Andes, if the angular resolution at the horizon (both in azimuth and zenith) would reach an accuracy of nearly one degree needed to disentangle tau air showers from common UHECR. The number of events increases at lower energies; therefore we suggest an extension of the EUSO and Auger sensitivity down to (or even below) E_nu = 10^19 eV and E_nu = 10^18 eV respectively.Comment: New version resubmitted to ApJ on the 6th April 2004; 55 Pages,20 figures, major changes following referee reques

Shadows of Relic Neutrino Masses and Spectra on Highest Energy GZK Cosmic Rays

The Ultra High Energy (UHE) neutrino scattering onto relic cosmic neutrinos in galactic and local halos offers an unique way to overcome GZK cut-off. The UHE nu secondary of UHE photo-pion decays may escape the GZK cut-off and travel on cosmic distances hitting local light relic neutrinos clustered in dark halos. The Z resonant production and the competitive W^+W^-, ZZ pair production define a characteristic imprint on hadronic consequent UHECR spectra. This imprint keeps memory both of the primary UHE nu spectra as well as of the possible relic neutrino masses values, energy spectra and relic densities. Such an hadronic showering imprint should reflect into spectra morphology of cosmic rays near and above GZK 10^{19}-10^{21}eV cut-off energies. A possible neutrino degenerate masses at eVs or a more complex and significant neutrino mass split below or near Super-Kamiokande \triangle m_{\nu_{SK}}= 0.1 eV masses might be reflected after each corresponding Z peak showering, into new twin unexpected UHECR flux modulation behind GZK energies: E_{p} sim 3(frac{triangle m_{\nu_{SK}}}/m_{\nu}10^{21}),eV. Other shadowsof lightest, nearly massless, neutrinos m_{nu_{2K} simeq 0.001eV simeq kT_{\nu}, their lowest relic temperatures, energies and densities might be also reflected at even higher energies edges near Grand Unification: E_{p} \sim 2.2(m_{\nu_{2K}/E_{\nu}})10^{23}, eV .Comment: 14 pages, 6 Figures,Invited Talk Heidelberg DARK 200